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The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is an introspective psychological inventory consisting of 40 self-report items pertaining to anxiety affect.〔Spielberger, C. D. (1989). ''State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Bibliography'' (2nd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.〕 The STAI was constructed by Charles Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, and R.E. Lushene,〔Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L."> Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). ''Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory''. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.〕 based on the state-trait distinction proposed by Raymond Cattell in 1961.〔Cattell, R. B. & Scheier, I. H. (1961). ''The meaning and measurement of neuroticism and anxiety''. New York: Ronald Press.〕 Their goal was to compile a set of items that could measure anxiety at both poles of the normal affect curve (state vs. trait). Feelings of unease, worry, tension, and stress can be defined as anxiety.〔Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). ''Abnormal Psychology''. (5th ed., p. 522). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.〕 Feelings of anxiety may occur in stressful situations such as when confronted with an important test or interview, or may be associated with psychological disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. The STAI purports to measure one's conscious awareness at two extremes of anxiety affect, labeled state anxiety (A-state), and trait anxiety (A-trait), respectively. Affectivity ranges from immediate, transitory emotional states, through longer-lasting mood states, through dynamic motivational traits, ranging all the way up to relatively enduring personality traits.〔Boyle, G. J., Saklofske, D. H., & Matthews, G. (2015). (Eds.), ''Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs''. Elsevier/Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386915-9.00001-2〕 Higher STAI scores suggest higher levels of anxiety. The STAI requires only a sixth grade reading level. The STAI is used in diagnosing patients in clinical settings. It is also used to diagnose clinical anxiety in surgical and other medical patients as well as in mental health patients. The STAI is also used extensively in a multiplicity of research projects.〔Spielberger, C. D. (2012, February). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults.. Retrieved from http://www.mindgarden.com/products/staisad.htm〕 The most recent version is the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults™ (STAI-AD). Although originally based on English language words, the STAI subsequently has been translated and adapted into more than 40 different languages including, for example, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Thai.〔Tilton, S. R. (2008), ''Review of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)'', NewsNotes, archived from the original on 2008-12-03, retrieved 2013-02-28〕〔Verhoef, M., Ware, M., Dryden, T., Paterson, C., Kania, A. (2013). State Trait Anxiety Inventory. Retrieved from http://www.outcomesdatabase.org/n ode/741〕 The STAI was revised into its current form in 1983.〔Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, P.R., Vagg, P.R., & Jacobs, G.A (1983). ''Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory''. Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.〕〔Spielberger, C.D., Sydeman, S.J. (1994). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. In M.E. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment. (pp. 292-321). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.〕 The STAI can be administered across a range of socio-economic status levels and requires only a sixth grade reading level. It is used (along with other measures) in making diagnoses and distinguishing between anxiety and depression, in clinical settings, as well as in research. Spielberger also constructed other self-report state-trait scales purported to measure various other emotions and dispositions such as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the State-Trait Curiosity Inventory (STCI), the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), and the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI). ==State Anxiety (A-State)== State anxiety (A-State) can be defined as fear, nervousness, discomfort, and the arousal of the autonomic nervous system induced temporarily by situations perceived as dangerous (i.e., how a person is feeling at the time of a perceived threat).〔 Examples: A child feels anxious when confronted by a large, strange animal. A person feels anxious to get on an airplane for the first time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「State-Trait Anxiety Inventory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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